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<dt id="tie-VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST"><a class="permalink" href="tie.html#tie-VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST">#</a><a id="tie"></a><a id="tie-VARIABLE-CLASSNAME-LIST"></a>tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST </dt>
<dd>

<p>This function binds a variable to a package class that will provide the implementation for the variable. VARIABLE is the name of the variable to be enchanted. CLASSNAME is the name of a class implementing objects of correct type. Any additional arguments are passed to the appropriate constructor method of the class (meaning <code>TIESCALAR</code>, <code>TIEHANDLE</code>, <code>TIEARRAY</code>, or <code>TIEHASH</code>). Typically these are arguments such as might be passed to the <a href="http://man.he.net/man3/dbm_open">dbm_open(3)</a> function of C. The object returned by the constructor is also returned by the <a href="tie.html"><code>tie</code></a> function, which would be useful if you want to access other methods in CLASSNAME.</p>

<p>Note that functions such as <a href="keys.html"><code>keys</code></a> and <a href="values.html"><code>values</code></a> may return huge lists when used on large objects, like DBM files. You may prefer to use the <a href="each.html"><code>each</code></a> function to iterate over such. Example:</p>

<pre><code># print out history file offsets
use NDBM_File;
tie(my %HIST, &#39;NDBM_File&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/news/history&#39;, 1, 0);
while (my ($key,$val) = each %HIST) {
    print $key, &#39; = &#39;, unpack(&#39;L&#39;, $val), &quot;\n&quot;;
}</code></pre>

<p>A class implementing a hash should have the following methods:</p>

<pre><code class="plaintext">TIEHASH classname, LIST
FETCH this, key
STORE this, key, value
DELETE this, key
CLEAR this
EXISTS this, key
FIRSTKEY this
NEXTKEY this, lastkey
SCALAR this
DESTROY this
UNTIE this</code></pre>

<p>A class implementing an ordinary array should have the following methods:</p>

<pre><code class="plaintext">TIEARRAY classname, LIST
FETCH this, key
STORE this, key, value
FETCHSIZE this
STORESIZE this, count
CLEAR this
PUSH this, LIST
POP this
SHIFT this
UNSHIFT this, LIST
SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
EXTEND this, count
DELETE this, key
EXISTS this, key
DESTROY this
UNTIE this</code></pre>

<p>A class implementing a filehandle should have the following methods:</p>

<pre><code class="plaintext">TIEHANDLE classname, LIST
READ this, scalar, length, offset
READLINE this
GETC this
WRITE this, scalar, length, offset
PRINT this, LIST
PRINTF this, format, LIST
BINMODE this
EOF this
FILENO this
SEEK this, position, whence
TELL this
OPEN this, mode, LIST
CLOSE this
DESTROY this
UNTIE this</code></pre>

<p>A class implementing a scalar should have the following methods:</p>

<pre><code class="plaintext">TIESCALAR classname, LIST
FETCH this,
STORE this, value
DESTROY this
UNTIE this</code></pre>

<p>Not all methods indicated above need be implemented. See <a href="../perltie.html">perltie</a>, <a href="../Tie::Hash.html">Tie::Hash</a>, <a href="../Tie::Array.html">Tie::Array</a>, <a href="../Tie::Scalar.html">Tie::Scalar</a>, and <a href="../Tie::Handle.html">Tie::Handle</a>.</p>

<p>Unlike <a href="dbmopen.html"><code>dbmopen</code></a>, the <a href="tie.html"><code>tie</code></a> function will not <a href="use.html"><code>use</code></a> or <a href="require.html"><code>require</code></a> a module for you; you need to do that explicitly yourself. See <a href="../DB_File.html">DB_File</a> or the <a href="../Config.html">Config</a> module for interesting <a href="tie.html"><code>tie</code></a> implementations.</p>

<p>For further details see <a href="../perltie.html">perltie</a>, <a href="tied.html"><code>tied</code></a>.</p>

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